Struts Unit Testing

Unit Testing Struts Action Classes

This tutorial provides a brief introduction to the AppPerfect Java Unit Test using a set of hands-on practice exercises. This tutorial assumes you have successfully downloaded and installed AppPerfect Unit Test on your machine with the default options. Apart from this pre-requisite, this tutorial is self contained. Instructions given below are Windows-specific; if you are using a non-Windows machine, please use equivalent commands/instructions.

This document is divided into following sections

  1. Creating Project
  2. AppPerfect Java Unit Test

Within each section, multiple exercises are listed. Each exercise forms a logical unit which is expected to take no more than a few minutes to perform. All exercises use the PetStore demo application running inside Apache Tomcat. The modified PetStore application and Tomcat are both bundled with this product.

All exercises assume you have installed the product in C:\AppPerfect\UnitTest folder and will be referred as UnitTest_HOME henceforth in tutorial. If you have installed the product in some other folder, modify the instructions below appropriately.

This tutorial is not intended as a comprehensive training guide. Please refer to the product documentation for detailed information. However, this tutorial will give you a very good overview of the products and substantially improve your productivity with the product.

Creating Project
Exercise 1: Launch AppPerfect Java Unit Test
  1. Click on Start -> Programs ->AppPerfect Unit Test x.x.x -> AppPerfect Java Unit Test
  2. On launching AppPerfect Java Unit Test a Welcome page will be displayed. Go through the brief description given for product.
    NB: Welcome page is displayed only when Unit Test x.x.x is launched and last time no project was opened.
Exercise 2: Creating a Project
  1. Launch the Project Wizard by clicking File ->New... menu option. The New Project wizard will be launched.
  2. Go through the instruction provided on top of the General tab.
  3. Keep the default project name and location for the purpose of this exercise. We don't have to provide "Notification" settings or "Remote Application/AppServer" settings for this exercise. Click on the Next button.
  4. In the Source tab click on the "Add File" button on the r.h.s., select "Files of type:" as *.jsp in the Open dialog and add jsp files from the location "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat\webapps\petstore"
  5. Now click on the "Add Folder" button on the r.h.s. and select the folder "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat\webapps\petstore\src". Click the Next button.
  6. Use the default JDK which is bundled with AppPerfect Java Unit Test and click on the Next button.
  7. In the "Environment" tab we will provide the classpath for the sources added in the project.
  8. Click on the "Add File" button on the r.h.s. and navigate to the location - "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat\webapps\petstore\WEB-INF\lib" - select all the jars present in the "lib" folder.
  9. Click on "Verify Classpath" button to validate the classpath.
  10. Classpath validation dialog will be launched and the classpath will be verified. A message saying that the classpath specified is correct should be displayed. Click on the "OK" button. Click on the Next button.
  11. In the "Target" tab select project type as "SERVER".
  12. Keep the default URL in the "Starting URL" field i.e., "http://localhost:8388/petstore". Select the "AppServers Settings" tab.
  13. Select the "Specify AppServer Settings" checkbox and select "Tomcat_5.x" from the drop down menu.
    NB: This is required only if you want to launch AppServer automatically while profiling, recording and replaying in AppPerfect Java Unit Test or if you want to profile AppServer in AppPerfect Java Profiler.
  14. Specify the Server Home path - "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat" and the "Startup file" for the server - "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat\bin\catalina.bat".
  15. Select the "Launch server automatically (When required)" checkbox. Click on the Finish button.
  16. If applications asks for Starting URL validation, click on 'No' button. Normally Confirmation for Starting URL validation is not asked when "Launch server automatically (When required)" is checked. A confirmation message saying that the project is saved will be displayed. Click on the OK button.

Now using this Project we will create tests to demonstrate the functionalities of AppPerfect Unit Test product.

AppPerfect Java Unit Test

NB: Please follow the steps provided in the "Creating Project" section to first create a Project, then proceed further.

Exercise 1: Define a Unit Test project
  1. Once the Project is successfully created another dialog - Define Project Properties dialog - will be displayed.
  2. Read the instructions at top of each tab.
  3. In the General tab select Application type as "Struts based" and specify following path - "UnitTest_HOME\tomcat\webapps\petstore" as Document Root folder. Please select checkboxes for Generate test cases for Java and JSP files. Please select checkbox for Generate test cases Struts Action Classes. Please de-select checkbox for Generate test cases for EJBs.
  4. The Test Case Generation tab allows you to specify Test Class Generation settings, you can select the various Test Case options. Keep default values.
  5. In Test Case Execution tab you can specify Test Class Execution settings. Keep default values.
  6. Click on the OK button to close this dialog.
Exercise 2: Test case Generation
  1. Once a project is defined, the next step is to generate the necessary unit test cases. AppPerfect Unit Tester automates the generation of such unit test cases. For .java files, the JUnit framework is used. For .jsp files, the HtmlUnit framework is used. Launch Test Generation Dialog by clicking on Project -> Generate Test Cases... menu option.
  2. Now start the configured server using Start Server button, AppPerfect will start the server using the startup script file, so that it can create test classes for JSP / HTML pages using the browser recording facility available in the product. In this case AppPerfect will start Tomact5.x server.
  3. All .jsp files selected for unit testing are listed, map your .jsp file to the equivalent action file. In our case, we need to specify "selection.do", "mainscreen.do", "order.do" as the mapped action file. Once server starts, click on the Start Recording button.
  4. An instance of configured browser will be launched with the PetStore home page loaded. Click on enter the store link. This will populate the database and display the PetStore main page. Note that populating the database might take some time.
  5. Click on each link on the left: Birds, Reptiles, Dogs, Cats, Fish
  6. Order an item by clicking on: Birds -> Amazon Parrot -> Adult Male Amazon Parrot -> Add to cart
  7. Modify the quantity and click on Update Cart button.
  8. Check out by clicking on the Check Out link.
  9. At the 'Sign in' page, default values are already provided. Click on Submit.
  10. Sign out of PetStore by clicking on Sign-out at top right of screen.
  11. Close browser by clicking on File -> Close in the browser window.
  12. Click on the Stop Recording button to stop the recording. To Stop server click on Stop Server button. After server is stopped, click on Test Classes tab.
  13. In 'Generating test classes' section AppPerfect will generate test classes for .java, .jsp files (which were added in the source tab of Project Wizard) and add instances created to Object Repository. You can see the number Source files, Test classes generated, Test cases generated and Files ignored etc. Click on Start Generation button.
  14. A check mark will be displayed against the files for which test classes are generated. Click OK once generation is done.
  15. Select the Test Classes tab on the l.h.s. and expand the Server Pages node and Source Files node to view the test classes generated for the JSP & JAVA files.
  16. Select a Testclass to view its details on the r.h.s panel.
  17. Right click on a testclass and select "Open with Java Editor" to view/edit its source code.
  18. The source will be displayed in the editor on the r.h.s. For this exercise, we will not modify the test class.
Exercise 3: Execute the unit test and view/analyze results
  1. Start unit testing by clicking on Project -> Run.
  2. Tomcat server will be launched using the modified startup file viz., catalina_AppPerfect.bat. The server startup status will be displayed in the Server Console.
  3. The test case class is executed by sending multiple requests to the server using combination of parameter values as defined in the test case.
  4. If error code is detected in any of the responses (http code 400 and above), it is displayed as a failed test case in the Results tab.
  5. Select the Execution Summary node in the Results tab to get an overview of the test result.
  6. Select the Test Class node. On the r.h.s select Execution Results and expand the Source Classes and Server Pages node and select each java / jsp file to view its test result.
  7. A list of all the exceptions / assertions will be displayed under the Exceptions view on the r.h.s. Select individual exception / assertion and click "View stack trace" to view the error details. Rectify the error and repeat the test as needed.
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